Military Collector Group Post
Backmail #81 (28 pages)
Index:
PRC'S FROM TURKY; by Jan Bury
- (PRC-4300, PRC-4512, PRC-4620, PRC-5600, PRC-9612, PRC-434, PRC-610,
- PRC-4620/RT-4600, PRC-5620/RT-5600, PRC-9610)
PRC'S FROM ISRAEL; Part I, by Jan Bury
- (PRC-6, PRC-74T, PRC-740T, PRC-174, PRC-2200, PRC-6020, PRC-601, PRC-602,
- PRC-613, PRC-614, PRC-624, PRC-710, PRC-25, PRC-77, PRC-277, PRC-377,
- PRC-80, PRC-800, PRC-730)
PRC'S FROM ISRAEL; Part II, by Jan Bury
- (PRC-66T, PRC-660T, EL/K-1001A , EL/K-1005A, PRC-90, PRC-434, PRC-75,
- PRC-104, PRC-2077, PRC-2200)
ISRAELI PRC UPDATE; by Jan Bury
NOTES ON SOUTH LEBANESE COMMUNICATIONS GEAR; By Jan Bury
- (PRC-6, PRC-10, PRC-77, PRC-601)
NEW ISRAELI SURVIVAL RADIOS; By Jan Bury
-(AN/PRC-149 PLB, AN/URT-140 ELT, PRC-434)
WARSAW PACT AIRCRAFT RADIOS; By Jan Bury
- (RSIU-3M(R-800), RSIU-4(R-801), R-802W, R-805, R-828, R-832M, R-836,
- R-842, R-852, R-855, R-860, R-862, M-24 Carat).
THE R-855UM, WARSAW PACT SURVIVAL RADIO; by Jan Bury
NEW GENERATION COMBAT RADIOS; by Jan Bury
- (PRC-113, PRC-119, PRC-117, PRC-140, PRC-143, PRC-148, PRC-535, PRC-4300,
- PSC-5, LST-5C, MR-3000, URC-200, URC-500).
THE 3501, POLISH SQUAD RADIO; by Jan Bury
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PRC'S FROM TURKY; by Jan Bury
- In this article, please find some information on the currently manufactured PRCs in Turkey. These sets are made by Aselsan, a company established in 1975, which produces defense electronics for Turkey and for over 20 countries of the World. Their advertising article reads that they have about 2.500 employees, including 630 engineers. The company maintains two facilities in Ankara with total 370.000-sq. meter area. The company also participates in various NATO research programs, including Stinger AA missile project.
- The company is supposed to have maintained the co-operation with the Hollandese Signaalapparaten BV and Philips, among all. At present, it seems that Tadiran of Israel is also their partner.
Radios that are currently produced by Aselsan:
PRC-4300
- Multiband manpack. Works on 30-88 and 100-174 and 225-400 MHz bands with 25 kHz spacing. AM/FM, data, 10/18 W RF power, Have Quick I & II compatible, optional SATURN ECCM; KY-57, KG-84 and ANDVT COMSEC. Works off 24 V dc from BA-5590 battery, 81x269x305 mm, 4.6 kg w/o batteries. Accessories include the H-250 handset. It seems this is an equivalent of the newest Motorola PRC-140.
PRC-4512
- Short Range Soldiers Radio (a.k.a. Squad Radio) Works on 138-158 MHz band on 2 channels. Small portable (or pocket) FM set, has tone squelch, 50-100 meters range, LPI. Powered by 6 V dc from two 3 V Lithium batteries, 104x63x23 mm, 160 gr. Has an earpiece and Motorola alike microphone.
PRC-4620
- Manpack radio, works 30-76 MHz FM with 25 or 50 kHz steps. Power output 2.5 W, powered from 12 V dc, RT-4600 main unit with H-189 handset, 7.5 kg weight. The radio supports AT-271 and AT-892 antennas. It seems this radio is a license Philips 4600 manpack, it is more or less a PRC-77 equivalent.
PRC-5600
- Manpack radio, upgraded version of above. Works 30-76 MHz, FM, with 25 kHz spacing. RF power ranges from 2.5 W to 0.25 W. The radio has 10 presets. RT-5600 main unit, H-189/GR handset, AT-271 or AT-892 antennas.
PRC-9612
- Frequency hopping manpack. Works in 30-108 MHz band, 25 kHz spacing, 3120 channels, FM, data, single frequency or frequency hopping (>200 hops/sec.), COMSEC. Power range: 5/0.8/0.01 W, sensitivity 0.4 microV, RT-9600 main unit, MIL STD-810D. These radios have Clansman-UK alike handsets and AT-892 antenna. It seems these units entered the service in 1990s and were used during the Turkish Army operations against the Kurdish guerilla inside Turkey and in Northern Iraq.
PRC-434
- Survival radio made by Tadiran and supposedly sold to the Turkish Air Force. Aselsan is supposed to produce few thousands of these sets in the PRC-434C version under a license agreement. The PRC-434C can work on 121.5 and 243 MHz AM and data/secure voice. There are extra channels that can be programmed into this unit inside the UHF air band. The radio supports DME and secure transponder to find the position of a downed airman. The radio can also send digitally programmed messages to acknowledge others about the airman's status, like "wounded, " etc. I guess, it is an equivalent of the Motorola PRC-112 radio.
Note the designation may not apply to the official AN/PRC system. I guess these are the names given by the company for commercial purposes.
Sources:
1. Aselsan's information and advertising material.
2. Web site: http://www.aselsan.com.tr.
3. Journal of Electronics Defense, years 1997/1998.
Jan Bury, SP5XZG
Warsaw, Poland
e-mail: yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl
Ed) Here is some additional data from my files:
PRC-610;
- Non-US.Back-pack or vehicular HF, LSB/USB/AM/CW transceiver. Built in Belgium by S A MBLE, development began in 1974 as a replacement for the BDR-500 series of equipment.
- The RT-600 is the heart of a multi-use communications system. When combined with various accessory equipment it can be used as a back-pack set(PRC-610), vehicular installation at 20 or 100 watts(VRC-610, & VRC-620 respective), & a 100 watt ground station(GRC-620).The VRC-620 & GRC-620 use the AM-620(combination 100 watt amplifier/antenna coupler/mount), it is mounted external to the vehicle or installation.
- The RT-600 features a detachable front panel that can be used as a remote control, LED digital frequency readout, keyboard entry of mode, channel, frequency & memory.Ten preset channel memory, & a built in automatic or manual antenna tuner with memory, allows the use of 2.3mtr whip or any standard wire type.Later model sets will have squelch & remote operation facilities.
- Ops 1.6-30mc in 100cps steps for a possible 284, 000 channels.RF power output is a selectable 5 or 20 watts. Requires 15vdc(2.5w rec, 45w trans). Size 252mmH x 365mmW x 82.5mmD, 150mmH x 34mmW x 82.5mmD(control box), 4.5kg(less battery & acc.), 8kg(fully operational).
- Known accessories include the AM-620, TS-600 field test set, RF-601 vehicular antenna coupler/mount(20 watt installations), CS-634 low power vehicular control/power supply, TC-600 3km remote control, RA-630 100 watt PA/coupler(combination of the AM-630 amplifier), RA-631 100 watt PA/coupler(can be separated into two sections, up to 20mtrs, for ease of installation).
- Nato designations for the above equipment include BE/PRC-611(PRC-610), BE/VRC-621(VRC-620), BE/VRC-671(VRC-610), BE/VRC-673/06(GRC-620), & BE/PRC-600/06(combination manpack/20watt vehicular).
- The PRC/VRC-600 series of equipment are currently in use by the Belgian, French, Netherlands, & Turkish Armies, as well as several African, Asian & South American countries.
PRC-4620/RT-4600;
Non-US, back-pack VHF, FM/Data transceiver.Built in Turkey by ASELSAN, & the Netherlands by Hollandse Signaalapparaten, & Phillips.
- The PRC-4620 is the VHF complement to the Belgian PRC-610, & is part of the PRC/VRC-4600 series of modular combat radio systems. Apparently a replacement for the KL/PRC/VRC-3600 series, the basic RT-4600 serves as the heart of numerous PRC, VRC, GRC type configurations with power levels of 2-30 watts.
- Features include fully electronic tuning with no moving parts.Modes for digital, secure voice, & digital speech(encryption)transmission. Four place rotary knob frequency selection. And built in remote, intercom/telephone capability.
- Ops 30-76mc, in 25 or 50kc steps.RF power output is rated at 2 watts.Requires 11-18vdc(12v nominal), as supplied by multiple BA-30 type batteries, rechargeable nicads, or various vehicular sources.
- Known accessories include BX-4600 battery case for BB-4600 rechargeable nicad block, or BH-4600 BA-30 battery holder.AM-4600 30 watt vehicular RF amplifier, PP-4602 24vdc power supply(replaces BX-4600 in vehicular installations).MT-4620 vehicular mount, AF-4620 vehicular loudspeaker/audio amplifier/control unit.JB-4600 vehicular connection box, PP-4621 vehicular power supply when using IC-4600 intercom unit or AF-4620.IC-4620 central control unit, C-4621 vehicular remote control unit, LS-4621 loudspeaker, RF-4620 automatic antenna match unit.
Some vehicular configurations include;
VRC-4621, 2w tank set VRC-4630, dual 30w tank set
VRC-4622, 30w veh. Set VRC-4631, triple 2w veh. Set
VRC-4623, 30w tank set VRC-4632, triple 2w tank set
VRC-4624, dual radio 2 & 30w tank set VRC-4633, dual 2w, & 30w veh.set
VRC-4625, 2 watt veh. Set VRC-4634, dual 2w, & 30w tank set
VRC-4626, dual radio 2w veh. Set VRC-4636, " "
VRC-4628, dual radio 2 & 30w veh. Set VRC-4637, triple 30w veh.set
VRC-4629, dual 30w veh. Radio set VRC-4638, triple 30w tank set
Volume production of these systems began in approx 1974.It is unknown how many countries are now, or have used them. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-5620/RT-5600;
- Turkish VHF/FM Pack-pack transceiver. Built in Turkey by ASELSAN Military Electronics Industries, the PRC-5620 is a front line tactical transceiver part of the multi role PRC/VRC-5600 systems.
- The basic RT-5600 can be combined with ancillary equipment to form the PRC-5620 backpack, or VRC-5621, -5624, and -5630 tank radios, and the VRC-5622, -5623, -5628, and -5629 vehicular units.
- Ops 30-75.975mc in 25kc steps, with up to 10 channels being presetable. RF power outputs dependant on the configuration are rated at 25mw, 250mw, 2, 2.5, 10, and 30 watts. Ref.#12C
PRC-9610;
Turkish VHF/FM/Data back-pack transceiver. Built in Turkey by ASELSEN, the PRC-9610 is the basic configuration of the PRC/VRC-9600 series systems.
- The basic RT unit was designed to be combined with various ancillary components to form a variety of multi role systems including the vehicular VRC-9611(5watt), VRC-9612(50watt), VRC-9614(dual transceiver 5 and 50watt). For use in armored vehicles, systems include VRC-9621(5watt), VRC-9622(50watt), VRC-9624(dual transceiver 5 and 50watt), and the VRC-9625(dual transceiver 50watts each).
- Features include digital data display with keyboard data entry, data transmission modes, optional encryption, frequency hopping at 200hops/s, and variable RF output power.
- Ops 30-88mc in 25kc steps, with optional expansion to 108mc. RF power output is an adjustable 100um, 10mw, 800mw, and 5 watts.
- Accessories include PA-9601 50 watt amplifier, LI-9601 wire line interface unit, VR-9601 and RC-9601 wire line remote control units, KD-9601 code key distribution unit, FG-9601 code loading unit.Ref.#12C
Dennis Starks; Collector/Historian
Midwest Military Communications Museum
email: military-radio-guy@juno.com
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PRC'S FROM ISRAEL; Part I, by Jan Bury
Contents:
Foreword
HF Radios
VHF Tactical Handie Talkies
VHF Tactical Manpacks
VHF Tactical Frequency Hoppers (C3I)
UHF Air Band Manpacks
Survival Radios
Sources of Information
Note: All information found below are collected from freely available sources, therefore could not be perceived as classified.
Foreword:
- Author's major intention was to give a general approach to the modern Israeli portable military radios. Such sets appeared in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) or Tzahal (for Hebrew: Tzva ha-Ganah le-Yisrael, the name for the Israeli army) inventory starting with the beginning of the so-called 'American Period' in the country's military history. It started just after the Six-Day War of June 1967 and had peaks at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. The IDF was modernized with equipment from the US supplies and older ones, especially from French supplies, which were to be retired. At the samew time, .223(5.56mm NATO) ammunition was introduced to the IDF, as well as modern military jets and armor.
- I would like to note that before 1967 Israel was a user of WW-II and Korean vintage radios which originated from the US, but it is hard to say now whether they were imported legally or in any significant quantities. The only known set of the PRC family of that time was the PRC-6, which was probably renamed MQ-6 in the IDF. This set saw service for many years, and the last units were withdrawn in the early 1980s.
- Since Israel has been continually at war during its 51 years of existence, and at times supplies were embargoed, it created a huge and modern military industry, which currently consists of about 200 companies. The major military communications equipment's manufacturers are Tadiran and IAI-Elta. They first produced lots of PRC types for both domestic use and for export. The company, which is currently named Tadiran Com. Ltd., is located in Tel-Aviv's suburb, in Kholon. The second, which in fact is a part of the Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), focused on air band radio production. All the radios listed below were made by Tadiran unless otherwise specified.
- Israel is also very good at making the clones of equipment originating in other countries'. As an example, the AMD Mirage fighter should be given, which resulted in many successful airplanes, such as IAI Barak, Nesher and Kfir. It seems that the similar lot happened to the PRC-6 and others, like the PRC-77.
- The article was divided into sections, which represent the radio's intented purpose and gives an insight into specified radios' development. A short history of each set with technical data can be found, as well as alleged users and equipment configuration's descriptions. The specification of already well known sets were omitted.
HF Radios:
- The modern IDF HF radios' series started, when Israel acquired a license for the U.S. PRC-74 manpack from Huges. This radio appeared somewhere in the early 1970s as a Tadiran PRC-74T. This was more or less an exact copy of the original with all accessories*. The radio was intended for the command units in remote areas, where VHF tactical range was insufficient. This was also perfect for reconnaissance groups for their long-range patrols. The radio was usually operated by the soldiers when immobile. Note, during the 1970s Israel held the Sinai Peninsula, a mostly flat and desert region, where reliable long range HF equipment was needed.
PRC-74T worked in 2-18 MHz band, all modes, with 1 kHz steps. It had an RF power output of 15 Watts. Later, Tadiran produced an upgraded version named PRC-740T, with unchanged capabilities of the PRC-74T. Reportedly, the circuitry was slightly modernized and the radio supported data communications.
- The culmination of the PRC-74T line was the PRC-174 transceiver. It operated 2-30 MHz all mode, with 100 Hz tuning steps. The new autotuning system was incorporated with 1.5-sec. Antenna coupling time. The radio could transmit at 20 W RF and had 0.7 microvolts sensitivity. It was powered from 22-36 V dc from Ni-Cd batteries.
- The main unit was the RT-936/PRC, which measured 262x68x297 mm and weighted 5.9 kg. It was common to see the H-189 or H-250 handsets attached. This radio appeared in the late 1970s and I would classify it as the PRC-104 equivalent. The PRC-174 replaced the PRC-74T and PRC-740T in the IDF. The PRC-174 supported data send and could be used in a configuration with external secure voice modules.
- The current IDF's HF portable radio is the PRC-2200. This is an advanced version of the PRC-174. The radio has all the features the modern HF manpack must have: it works 2-30 MHz with 100 Hz tuning steps, all mode including data via built-in modem, has RF power range from 5 to 20 Watts. The radio's memory can store 16 or optionally 99 presets. The most important features in the modern battlefield are: built-in voice and data encryption and frequency hopping. Voice is scrambled in both the frequency and time domains. The radio has also an automatic link establishment function and active squelch to eliminate the noise over the HF channels. To overcome enemy SIGINT/ELINT's mapping, the radio supports burst transmissions, usually a 3-digit messages (Flash).
- A portable set consists of: RT-2001 main unit, CP-2003 antenna coupler, BT-5791 battery, H-250 or H-739 handset and LS-108 loudspeaker. The H-739 has volume control, preset channel and operating mode selectors. There is a variety of antennas available, including an AT-1742 and GRA-50 dipoles, AT-1716 long wire and AT-2045 NVIS.
- The PRC-2200 measures 240x80x385 mm and weights 9 kg including battery and antenna coupler. It is very usual to see this radio working with an external loud-speaker. This item is very common, when IDF soldiers attach the speakers (usually turned at maximum volume) to their radios.
- The PRC-2200 is used in the higher echelon of the IDF, especially in command posts or jeeps. Elite special forces units are supposed to use this set for their long-range communications.
- Tadiran also makes a para-military radio, which is slightly lighter than the PRC-2200. The PRC-6020 works 2-30 MHz, all mode including data and supports secure voice. The radio's memory can store 10 presets. Radio's weight is ca. 6 kg. It seems this radio has not been enrolled into IDF's inventory yet.
VHF Tactical Handie Talkies:
- The first PRC handie talkie in the IDF was the PRC-6 discussed above. Such a set was too big and heavy and in the 1970s was to be replaced. This happened in 1976, when Tadiran started making the PRC-601 and PRC-602 portable transceivers, designed in co-operation with GTE-Sylvania. The PRC-601 was a solid-state, 6-channel crystal controlled FM transceiver, which could work in 47-57 MHz band at 25 kHz spacing. The radio has 1 Watt RF power output and 0.5 microvolt sensitivity. It is powered from a 12 V battery, measures 170x84x43 mm and weights 1.15 kg. The radio has an auxiliary handset socket, and it was not unusual to see its users with the H-189 plugged into the unit. This radio was intended for infantry's officers and NCOs.
- Since the radio was quite hard to keep in the palm of the hand, the IDF soldiers usually put it into their load bearing vests' rucksacks or their trousers' thigh pockets, while operating the radio with the handset. There was also a belt pouch for the radio for convenient carrying.
- The PRC-601 was also used by the elite commando units, including General Staff's special forces Sayeret Matkal (a.k.a. Palsar 269 Aleph). There are photos from 1970s, documenting such use, when the radio with a steel blade antenna and handset was being carried inside the belt pouch by a Sayeret Matkal operator. There was apparently a submersible version for the naval commando units*. The radio was however a little bit outdated in the 1990s and the last units to use them were from the riot police squads operating in the Occupied Territories by Israel, the West Bank and Ghazzah Strip. It was rumored that the last PRC-601s were sold in the late 1990s to Africa or South America.
- Since the PRC-601 offered operation at only 6 fixed channels, there was a need to have a small synthesized radio. Such need was fulfilled in 1979 with introducing the PRC-613. The radio worked in the 36-53 MHz band at 25 kHz spacing, FM, with 1 Watt RF power. The set had push-button frequency dialers. The radio measured 220x84x43 mm and weighted 1.6 kg. This set was also almost exclusively used with the handset and was usually carried in the soldier's small rucksacks. There was also a PRC-614 working 53-76 MHz.
- The current replacement of the PRC-601/602 and -613/614 is the PRC-624. This is a PLL synthesized FM radio that works between 30 and 88 MHz with 25 kHz spacing on 2320 possible channels. It has 10 presets and supports voice and 16 kbps data via TACTER-11/-21/-31 portable tactical computers by Tadiran. The radio has 0.5 up to 2 W RF power (adjustable). Main unit is the RT-624. The set's dimensions are: 180x80x40 mm, while the weight is about 0.7 kg. The set supports PRC-77 accessories, like handsets and antennas. The more interesting accessories are: HS-624 noise canceling headsets for special duty operators and ST-624 carrying harnesses, which allow the PRC-624 to be configured as a manpack radio.
- The PRC-624 is being manufactured in several versions, the PRC-624 basic model, PRC-624(S) secure voice version (compatible with the CNR-900 radio system encryption), PRC-624(N) underwater radio submersible up to 40 meters and the PRC-624(HP) 20W-high power model weighting less than 5 kgs.
- The basic PRC-624 is the IDF infantry standard portable radio, while the secure model is used among the Special Forces units, now mostly in Lebanon Theater, like Sayeret Egoz. The PRC-624(N) was designed for the naval commando units, including elite Shayetet 13. The PRC-624 radio is usually carried with the H-189/250 handsets and has a PRC-77's short antenna attached.
- The newest Tadiran's portable is the PRC-710, which appeared somewhere in 1998. The radio works in 30-88 MHz band with 25 kHz spacing supporting both voice and data. It has a built-in secure voice and frequency hoping. The set has maximum RF power at 5 Watts. The scanner allows monitoring of up to 4 groups. The extras are selective calling and whisper mode. The set is most likely to be a portable fulfillment for the newest CNR-900 C3I radio system. The set is slightly smaller than the PRC-624 and weights 0.69 kg. No information, whether this radio is in current IDF's inventory, is available.
VHF Tactical Manpacks:
- The first (almost all) solid state PRC in the IDF's inventory was the PRC-25. It seems the set has been delivered starting from ca. 1970. Tadiran also made this unit during the 1970s. Shortly after its introduction, the newer PRC-77 appeared and became IDF's standard portable field radio. Tadiran has been producing the PRC-77 for about 20 years.
- The radio was used by infantry, paratroopers, border guard and riot police, in the lowest echelons of the IDF. Currently, it can be even found in the first line, in combat in Lebanon for inter-checkpoints and inter-bunkers communication.
- The set was usually carried in the canvas bag or on the Alice frame, with an extra battery. It is very common to see an external loudspeaker connected to either audio or x-mode socket, depending on model. Sometimes, even two H-189 or H-250 handsets connected at once can be
seen, usually one for the radioman and the second for the officer.
- Since the PRC-77 works at 50 kHz spacing, and radio traffic in Israel over VHF tactical is very dense, there was a need for a new 25 kHz spacing radio which could double the number of channels from 920 to 1841. Note that Israel is a very small country, and it is surrounded by the other countries, which are also PRC-77 users, like Jordan, Lebanon and, from 1979, the South Lebanese Army in the Security Zone of South Lebanon*. Thus Tadiran made a modification of the PRC-77, resulting a 25 kHz spacing radio named the PRC-277. First such units appeared in mid-1970s. The set was slightly lighter, could work with 25 or 50 kHz spacing. The main unit was the RT-2841. The radio could be used with external secure voice modules.
- Later, there was even a much deeper PRC-77 modification named the PRC-377, with the RT-3841 main unit. This set offered 25 kHz spacing exclusively and had up to 2.5 RF power output and ca. 0.5 microvolt sensitivity. Radio's dimensions are: 280x260x102 mm, the weight is about 9 kg.
- In my opinion, the Israeli PRC-77 clones are close to Telemit's German ones. The newer components were used, as well as the 25 kHz spacing was implemented. The sets were easy to use and reliable during the field use.
- Currently, these sets are still in use and will probably remain in the IDF's service until 2010. As noted before, Israeli PRC-77s and clones were usually deployed with external loudspeaker.
VHF Tactical Frequency Hoppers (C3I):
- Since the neighboring Arabs states' ELINTs became more and more professional in collecting data via surveillancing IDF's radio communications in 1970s, a growing need for secure C2I/C3I system has arisen. This was also to be an upgrade of the IDF's field communications gear and commanding capabilities.
- Such a system's radio was introduced in 1980. The PRC-80 could work between 30 and 88 MHz with 25 kHz spacing. It offered 11 fixed or 11 hopping presets and built-in voice encryption. The set could transmit at 0.25 up to 4 Watts and was operated from 12 V battery. The main unit measured 260x250x80mm and weighted 7.2 kg, however the radio in field configuration weighted ca. 10 kg and measured 260x380x80 mm. The set was compatible with the PRC-77 handsets and antennas.
- The PRC-80 saw use in the growing C3I network, built by Tadiran to cover Israel. It was used in the higher echelon during the war in Lebanon, starting in 1982 (Operation Peace for Galilee).
- In the mid-1980s, Tadiran upgraded the product resulting in the PRC-800. This set had better ECCM capabilities (faster hopping rate and more complex secure voice). It is documented that the PRC-80 and PRC-800 were also used at the Northern borders of Israel by elite Sayeret Golany, the reconnaissance/LRRP unit of the Golany Brigade. Givati Brigade recon units are also supposed to use this set.
- The current Israeli C3I system is the CNR-900. It allows collection of information from remote parts of the country by the army staff. The network works mainly in the 30-88 MHz band and supports secure voice and data transmissions over hopping frequencies. There is a growing number of relaying stations and repeaters, installed mostly on the tops of the hills or high masts when in plateau.
- The main field terminal for the CNR-900 is the PRC-730. It is in fact an upgraded version of its predecessors: the PRC-80 and -800. The PRC-730 works at 25 kHz spacing FM voice or data via Tacter-11/-21 or -31 tactical computers. Its memory can store 10 fixed frequency or hopping presets. The set is capable of 0.25 up to 4 Watts RF power transmission, measures 240x310x85 mm and weights 7.5 kg. Each set has built in secure voice module. It seems that the portable PRC-624 and PRC-710 can also be used within the CNR-900 structure.
- Israeli C3I hoppers are very expensive radios and small quantities were fielded.
Jan Bury
Warsaw, Poland
e-mail: yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl
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PRC'S FROM ISRAEL; Part II, by Jan Bury
UHF Airband Manpacks:
- Again, everything started with the production of the US-supplied radios. The PRC-66T was an equivalent of the original radio, offering AM voice communications in 225-400 MHz band at 50 kHz spacing. The set could transmit at 2 W RF. Produced in the late 1960s.
- Later, an upgraded radio was fielded, named PRC-660T. This set offered more channels operation in UHF air spectrum. Main unit was the RT-6241T, while battery was the BA-4660T (24 V). This set was introduced in 1971.
- During the late 1960s, the IDF created the Forward Air Controllers units, who were supposed to guide attack jets over the enemy positions. Such units saw combat during 1967, 1973 and 1982 wars. They were equipped with reliable UHF air band radios to communicate with the pilots. Currently there are two units in the IDF that deal exclusively with directing combat pilots to their targets: the first is the Unit 5101 a.k.a. Sayeret Shaldag and the second is the Unit 5707. It seems they were created a long time ago and are supposed to be the main customers for tactical UHF air band radios. Of course, the other users of UHF sets were from the Israel Air Force air traffic controllers and commanding units/posts.
- There were also more or less cloned versions of foreign air band radios, made by Elta. The most popular were EL/K-1001A and EL/K-1005A. Those sets could work throughout the entire UHF air band at 50 or 25 kHz spacing.
Survival Radios:
- Unfortunately, very little is known about the airmen survival radios made in Israel. Supposedly, the PRC-90s were used by the IAF's fast jets aviators during the 1970s and 1980s.
- Currently, Tadiran manufactures a very interesting survival radio, which I would compare with the US-made Motorola PRC-112. It seems that Tadiran Spectalink is the original designer of the PRC-434. This is a small set to be worn inside IAF pilots' survival vests. The set can send emergency signals at 121.5 and 243 MHz AM. It also supports secure voice communications over distress channels and extra programmable ones within the UHF air band, with transponder and DME function to guide rescue units to the downed airman without compromising his position to the enemy's SIGINT efforts.
- The PRC-434 has two known versions: the basic PRC-434A and an advanced PRC-434C. Apart from the aviators, it seems that the PRC-434 is issued to the Special Forces operators to call for pick-up, as well as elite IAF's Unit 669 Combat SAR Squadron. The PRC-434C is probably equipped with an embedded GPS receiver.
Summary:
- This article was to give a general approach to the modern PRC radios used by the Israeli Army. Some of them are outdated, some are very modern and still little is known about their specifications.
- I wanted to avoid speculation in my article, however I found very difficult verifying the information I collected. I hope you will forgive me that.
- There is one bizarre thing observed: the IDF radiomen use to turn up their radios at maximum volume when in low-threat environment, like in the Occupied Territories. This, linked with the characteristic noise produced by the FM PRCs at the end of each transmission, probably gives a feeling of the almighty Israeli military machine.
Jan Bury
Warsaw, Poland
e-mail: yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl
Sources of information
1. Tadiran's TMs and advertising material.
2. Websites concerning Israel Defense Forces.
3. Bamachane IDF Soldiers' Magazine.
4. Samuel M. Katz: "Tools of Trade. The Weapons, Gear & Uniforms of the IDF," Concord Publications Company (Cat. No. 1016) Hong Kong, 1991.
5. Samuel M. Katz: "Israel's Cutting Edge," Concord Publications Company (Cat. No. 1005) Hong Kong, 1990.
6. Jane's Military Communications, 1968-1998/1999.
7. Journal of Electronics Defense, 1998.
8. Author's own observation.
Ed) I must commend Jan on his fine efforts in this article especially given that English is his second language. Only a two, or three very minor corrections in grammar were needed in it's editing. Far less than I've had to do for noted American authors who have submitted material to us.
* The Israeli PRC-74T differs from it's U.S. Parent only in that it also includes an AME voice mode, where the U.S. version does not.
* The submersible versions of the PRC-601 have the "S" sub-designation, as do their higher frequency twins, the PRC-602 & -602S. More info on this and other Israeli PRC's can be seen below.
* Virtually every country bordering Israel is, or has used PRC-77 derived radios, including Iran who began production of their own version in the early 80's.
The following data was extracted from "Military Radio Data, Vol. I, PRC Designater Equipment" by Me.
PRC-6/RT-196;
- VHF FM handheld transceiver.Intended to replace the BC-611 of WW-II & development started before the end of that war. The PRC-6 interred service in 1951, preliminary manuals were printed in 1949. It remained in service at least until the mid 1960's.
- Ops 47-54mc, approx RF output 350mw, 1 channel xtal control. Requires 1.5v/850ma, 45v/8ma, 90v/30ma(trans), 1.5v/550, 45v/12ma, 90v/3ma/, -3v/bs(rec), supplied by BA-270 battery. Size, 4.75 x 4.75 x 14.5, 3.5lbs.
- Accessories include H-33 handset, short tape antenna, AT-249 or AT-340 homing antennas, ID-292 channel alignment indicator, CK-6 xtal kit(42 CR-23 xtals in metal box).
- The PRC-6 has been "cloned" by a number of foreign countries(at least Germany & Israel)additionally, both foreign & domestic examples can be found that have been converted to solid state. Original cost circa 1952 $104.50-$185.90. Ref.#23, #28, #30, any TM11-487 post 1950
PRC-74T;
- Variant of the PRC-74B built by Tadrin in Israel.This model is identical to the US version with the exception of an added AME mode.
- The Basic RT unit can be combined with an amplifier/power unit (OA-7040T) & mounting MT-7400T to form the VRC-740T vehicular system. Ref.#10, #11
PRC-74(?);
- Two other variants of the PRC-74 have been reported to exist. These both include 2-30mc coverage, but in different manors. #1.Is of U.S. origin & is a Depo modification of a standard PRC-74 which includes an outboard conversion along with internal modifications. #2.Is of Israeli origin, with all modifications being internal..Ref.#31
PRC-75/RT-976;
- Handheld UHF, AM transceiver.Intended purpose similar to that of the PRC-66.This Collins built radio operates 225-399.9mc one of 3500 front panel setable channels(three each thumb operated dials). AM/MCW with an output power of 1 watt.Requires 18-30vdc.
- Accessories include AS-2447 14.6"tape antenna, UG-1884 BNC antenna adapter, CX-12162 DC/Audio cable, LS-549 loud speaker, CY-6472, CY-6729, ST-162, also various vehicular installation equipment.Size 1.6 x 4.3 x 8", 6lbs.
- Known users include the US Army, Navy, Marine Corps, & Israeli Armed forces. In the cast of the latter, U.S. stocks are known to have been supplemented by Israeli sources just prior to Operation Desert Storm. Original cost $7277.00. Ref.#13(WS-91), #28, 31
PRC-80S/RT-3088;
- Back-pack or vehicular, VHF, FM transceiver. Built in Israel by Tadiran, the PRC-80S is part of the VHF-88S series of radio equipment.Designed for use in electronic warfare environments, this series can be equipped to evade enemy surveillance.When provided with it's various accessories it can be used as a backpack, vehicular, or manpack system, & is capable of ECCOM & Comsec operation.
- Features include key-pad programming of frequency & mode with LCD display, frequency hopping & digital comsec options, compatibility with older systems, 25kc channel spacing with 5 or 10kc offsets above or below the operating frequency, 11 preset channel capacity, high speed digital data transmission, & built in test equipment.
- Ops 30-87.975mc in 25kc steps plus 5 or 10kc offsets above or below the channel frequency. RF power output is a selectable .25 or 4 watts.Requires 12vdc from internal dry or rechargeable batteries, or external 24vdc vehicular source with proper equipment. Size 260mmH x 250mmW x 80mmD, 7.2kg(basic backpack version with nicad battery), 260mmH x 320mmW x 80mmD, 9.1kg(full complement manpack with nicad battery).
- Known accessories include common antenna & audio equipment with existing radios, AU-4088 audio unit/battery holder, AT-888 short tape antenna, AT-288 portable long range antenna, ASU-80 Comsec/ECCOM unit, SEC-8088 digital encryption device, KGL-8000 comsec key loader, AU-6088 vehicular audio unit, MT-7088 vehicular mount(for use when optional comsec units included), MT-7188 vehicular mount(for use with basic PRC-80S, VRC-800S, or VRC-8000S), AM-5088 50 watt Vehicular amplifier(VRC-8000S), C-8842 vehicular remote control/channel selector, AS-1288(long) or AS-1188(short) vehicular antennas. Ref.#12
PRC-104, RT-1209/URC;
- Manpack, Backpack or vehicular, HF, SSB/CW transceiver. Conceived as a replacement for the PRC-74, & in part the PRC-47 approx 1976. The PRC-104 uses LSI micro-miniaturised circuit design & it's claimed to be the first use of this technology in a radio of this type
- The radio features a built in automatic antenna tuner that will load a very wide variety of antennas from standard VHF whip to long wire types. It can transmit voice, data, & use various COMSEC equipment. Additionally it can be combined with various accessories to provide higher power(PRC-105), vehicular(GRC-213) & 400watt vehicular(MRC-138) or base(GRC-193) operation.
- Frequency selection is accomplished via a six place push-button panel switch, a field change provides for LCD display & dual direction frequency control. The receiver/exciter unit alone(RT-1209) is used as the heart of several HF mobile, portable, & base systems.
- Ops 2-30mc in 100cps steps, for a possible 280, 000 frequencies. RF power output is rated at 20 watts, USB/LSB. Requires 12.5v derived from internal(7ah batteries) or external source. Size 2 5/8"h x 12"w x 10 1/5"d, 19.8lbs(with battery box, handset & whip antenna).
- Known accessories include AS-2259(transportable antenna) (AT-271 can be used for backpack portable operation), AT-129 whip spring base, AM-6874 amplifier/antenna coupler, CY-8291 transit case, H-250 or H-189 handset, CY-7541 battery box, KY-872 CW Key, KG-65 secure device, AM-7152 audio amplifier/24v power supply(part of GRC-213), AM-6879/URC audio/RF amplifier/power supply/FSK converter(MRC-138 or GRC-193), MT-2154 & MT-623(part of GRC-213).
- Developed by Hughes(model HC-191) for the US Navy, the PRC-104 has since been adopted by them, the US Marine Corps, the US Air Force, & at least 5 other countries. Estimated total production as of 1988 is 9000 sets. Additionally the PRC-104 has been marketed by the British company Rediffusion(Redifon), & is manufactured in Sweden, & Israel(Tadiran was awarded a US Marine Corps contract for 7.6 million dollars in 1986). Original cost US Navy circa 1986 $7317.07.NSN 5920-01-027-9071. Ref.#9A, #10, #11, #12, #28, #29, #30
PRC-174/RT-936;
- Back-pack, Vehicular HF, SSB/AM/CW & data transceiver. A U.S. designed system, the PRC-174 is built in Israel by Tadiran & is part of their HF-700 series of equipment. The Basic RT-936 serves as the heart of several portable or vehicular configurations, with optional power levels of 20 to 500 watts.
- Features include digital synthesis with six push-button frequency selection, LSB/USB/DSB(AME)/CW(narrow)/CW(wide) modes, & automatic silent tuning.
- Ops 2-30mc in 100cps steps for a possible 280, 000 channels.RF power output is rated at 20 watts. Requires 22-32vdc supplied by batteries (silver zinc or nicad rechargeable).Size 2 11/16"H x 10 5/16"W x 11 5/8"D, 12.5 lbs(less battery).
- Known accessories/configurations include, compatibility with earlier generation antennas, audio accessories, power supplies, & mountings, also specially designed automatic test sets, & remote control equipment. AM-1760 100 watt amplifier & OA-807 mount(VRC-176). AM-4760 500 watt amplifier & OA-807 mount(VRC-476). Introduced 1978. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-174/RT-936S;
- This radio is the same as the PRC-174/RT-936 except has these added features & improvements, frequency stability, noise blanking, voice processing, adjustable BFO, & a computer interface. Ref.#10
PRC-277/RT-2841;
- Back-pack VHF, FM transceiver.Built in Israel by Tadiran, the PRC-277 is outwardly identical to the U.S.AN/PRC-77. Internally, it incorporates several improvements, & features, these include 25kc channel spacing, advanced components & circuitry, X mode operation, complete module & accessory interchangeability.
- This interchangeability is so complete that existing PRC-77's can be converted to the new configurations with simple module, & minor mechanical changes(PRC-377). For operational parameters & accessories, see PRC-25 & PRC-77.
- Some confusion exist as to the descriptions of the PRC-277 & PRC-377. One is apparently the result of a converted PRC-77.While the other is a factory produced version.It is not known which is which. Ref.#12
PRC-377/RT-3841;
- Back-pack VHF, FM transceiver.Israeli produced set that is operationally, & physically identical to the PRC-77.For more information, see PRC-277. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-601;
- Handheld, VHF, FM transceiver. The PRC-601 is a ultra-small tactical radio intended for use by combat personnel in small platoon or squad sized units. Special models are available to meet other tactical needs (see PRC-602, PRC-601S, & PRC-602S).
- The radio features extreme heavy construction, built in separate loud speaker & microphone, & an external audio connection accepts any standard handset or headset. Channel installation can be easily done in the field with no special alignment equipment.
- Ops 47-57mc(optionally any 10mc segment of 30-80mc), with 25kc channel spacing for a possible 401 channels. Six preset xtal control channel capacity. RF power output is rated 1 watt.Requires 10-14vdc as supplied by lithium or rechargeable nicad batteries(these appear to be the same as those used in the PRC-90). Size 6 11/16"H x 3 5/16"W x 1 11/16"D, 1.9lbs, 2.5lbs(with battery).
- Built in Israel by Tadiran, & the US by GTE.The PRC-601 interred service with the Israeli Army in 1976 as a replacement for the US PRC-6, with an original cost of approx $1000.00. Though it was also manufactured in the US, it is unknown whether any have been used by US forces. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-601S;
- The PRC-601S is identical to the PRC-601, except that it has been developed specifically for use by Naval frogmen & commandos.As such, it can be transported under water with no protective case, depths of 45mtrs or more require only plugs to protect the earphone & microphone. With the operators head & shoulders above water, a range of 9 miles is said to easily be acheived.For more information, see PRC-601. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-602;
- The PRC-602 is identical to the PRC-601, with the exception it is supplied to cover the frequency range of 70-80mc. For more information see PRC-601. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-602S;
- The PRC-602S is identical to the PRC-602, & the PRC-601.Except for those deferences noted for the PRC-601S. For technical specifications, see PRC-601, & PRC-602. For Special use, see PRC-601S. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-613;
- Handheld VHF, FM transceiver.Built in Israel by Tadiran, the PRC-613 is basically an improved version of the PRC-601 family, with the same operational purpose. Most features of the PRC-613(& PRC-614) are the same as those for the PRC-601 family, & they share the same battery, antenna, & audio accessories. Cosmetically however they are slightly different. The PRC-614 is identical to the PRC-613 except for frequency range.
- Features include micro-electronic synthesizer frequency control, for 25kc channel spacing, & miniature push-button digital frequency selection. All tuning is electronic, with no moving parts. Antenna output is protected against open & short circuits. And a special adapter kit is available for operation from 8 AA nicad batteries.
- Ops 36-53mc on any frequency with 25kc spacing. RF power output is 1watt minimum. Requires 10-14vdc 70ma(rec.squelched), 90ma(rec, operating), 285ma(transmit). Size 8 3/9"H x 3 5/16"W x 1 11/16"D, 3.5lbs(with battery).
- The PRC-613 & 614 interred service with the Israeli army in 1979, it is unknown whether it shares the same US/Israeli background as it's predecessors, the PRC-601 family. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-614;
- The PRC-614 is identical to the PRC-613 except for a frequency range of 53-76mc. For more information see PRC-613. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-624;
- Israeli VHF/FM hand-held transceiver. Built by Tadiran, the PRC-624 was designed as a tactical radio for intra-team communications.
- Features LCD data display, Built in loud speaker and microphone, 10 preset channel capacity, selectable RF power output, data compatible at 10bits/s to 20kbits/s, and expected battery life of 17hrs(at 2w) and 24hrs(at .5w).
- Ops 30-88mc in 25kc steps providing a possible 2320 channels. RF power output is rated at 2w(high) and .5w(low). Size: 180 x 40 x 80mm at less than 1kg(with battery & antenna).
- Accessories include external audio devices compatible with other standard types, option pre-packaged lithium or standard AA alkaline types. Ref.#12C
PRC-660T/RT-6241T;
- Back-pack UHF, AM transceiver. Built in Israel by Tadiran, the PRC-660 is intended to perform a similar role as the PRC-41 & PRC-66, in ground to air front line combat communications.
- The basic RT-6241T can be combined with ancillary equipment to form various PRC, VRC configurations.In externally, the PRC-660 looks very much like a PRC-77, & it shares many accessory items including, carry equipment, audio accessories, battery boxes, vehicle mounts etc.
- Features include integrated circuit design, digital frequency tuning with four rotary knob switches, 50kc or optional 25kc spacing for a possible 3500 or 7000 channels.
- Ops 225-399.975mc with an RF output of 1.7 watts minimum. Requires 23-38vvdc(vehicular role ?). Size 3 15/16"H x 11"W x 11"D, 13lbs 3oz, 17lbs 9oz(with battery).
- Known accessories & configurations include: PRC-660T; CY-2562T battery box, AT-6600T portable antenna, H-189 or equivalent handset, BA-4660T magnesium battery(optional nicad types available).
- RM/VRC-240T; (ground station service) AM-2411T 16 watt amplifier with loud speaker, ICY-240T rack mount adapter(includes PS-2400T AC/DC power supply.
- VRC-249T; (vehicular installation) same as RM/VRC-240T with a MT-1029 mount substituted for the ICY-240T, & the addition of a C-2410T remote control.
- Development of the PRC-660T began as a private venture in 1971, it interred service with the Israeli army in 1979 with a unit cost ofapprox $8000(PRC-660T), & $12, 000-$14, 000(VRC-240T dependant on version).These systems are currently is use by several countries, though as of 1988 they were being replaced by the PRC-660UV in Israel. Ref.#10, #11, #12
PRC-660UV;
- Back-pack VHF/UHF, AM transceiver. Built in Israel by Tadiran, the dual band PRC-660UV was introduced in 1984 as a replacement for the single band PRC-660T. The VHF aircraft band has been included for those that require communications with civil aviation.
- Features include digital frequency synthesis for 1700 VHF, & 7000 UHF channels. Full remote control of various configurations. Optional secure voice(X mode)operation with digital encryption. All accessory items that are not required for VHF operation are compatible with those for the PRC-660T.
- Ops 116-156mc with 1600 channels(optional 800), 225-400mc with 7000 channels(optional 3500). All other parameters are the same as the PRC-660T. Ref.#12
PRC-730;
- Back-pack, VHF, FM, frequency hopping transceiver.The PRC-730 number may be the result of a type error, in Ref.#12.The actual number may be PRC-370. Built in Israel by Tadiran, this radio is part of their CNR-900 series of equipment.
- It can be combine with numerous ancillary equipments to provide portable, ground, vehicular, & aircraft installations in much the same manor as the US PRC-119. These include the VRC-742 short, & VRC-745 long range vehicular radios, CNR-900U aircraft, & a dual transceiver VRC-1465 for long range repeater operation.
- Features include digital frequency display, key-pad entry of frequency channel & mode(these functions can also be interred from an external loader or cloned from another already programmed set). Full band frequency hopping with ten presets. Data transmission at 16kbs, & ten presetable voice or data channels.
- Ops 30-89.975mc in 25k steps for a possible 2, 320 channels. RF output power is a selectable 4 watts or 250mw(50 watts in high power vehicular role). Requires 12, 9-14, or 24vdc dependant on the installation. Size 85mmH x 240mmW x 310mmD, 7.5kg(8kg with ECCOM).
- It is possible that this equipment is being supplied by Tadiran on a second source basis to the U.S.Singars Program, specifically the RT-1439. Ref.#12, #12C
PRC-2077;
- Back-pack VHF, FM transceiver. Built in Israel by Tadiran, the PRC-2077 appears to be a highly updated replacement for the PRC-77. Size & all associated accessory items are the same as that for the PRC-25 or 77.
- Additionally this radio features 25kc channel spacing with four digital switches, & an LED display. Ten preset channels can be selected by a front panel push-button or via a remote control box. All internal tuning is electronic with no moving parts. Wide band audio response allows transmission of data & use of encryption devices.
- Ops 30-76mc in 25kc steps for a possible 1840 channels. RF power output is rated at 2 watts. Requires 10-15vdc(90ma standby, 1.1amp trans) as supplied by various battery combinations including BA-386 (carbon-zinc), & nicad rechargeable, or lithium types(plastic incased with replaceable cells). The AM-2065 power amplifier/adapter allows vehicular use. Size 3 15/16"H x 9 1/4"W x 10 1/8"D, 11lbs/10oz. Ref.#10
PRC-2200/RT-2001;
- Back-pack HF, LSB/USB/AM/CW/Data transceiver. Built in Israel by Tadiran, the PRC-2200 is part of their HF-2000 adaptive HF radio system, & appears to be a highly updated replacement for the PRC-174.The basic RT-2001 can be combined with a variety of ancillary equipment to provide PRC, VRC or GRC type installations, with power levels of 5-150 watts.
- Features include separate LCD displays for frequency, channel, data, & bar-gragh/level. Key pad entry of frequencies, preset channels & mode. Optional ECCOM & encryption capabilities via plug in cards. An integral automatic antenna tuner that can be removed & located next to a remote whip for vehicular or static operation.16(optional 99) preset channel capacity, & selective calling with up to 30 addresses. Data transmission at 2.4kbs.
- Ops 1.5-30mc in 100cps steps for a possible 285, 000 channels.RF power output is a selectable 5, 10 or 20 watts. Size 85mmH x 250mmW x 350mmD, 7.3kg.
- Known accessories & configurations include CP-2003 integral antenna coupler, MT-20023 vehicular mount(VRC-2020). MT-2103 combination VHF/HF radio vehicular mount, CP-2103 150watt amplifier/antenna coupler(VRC-2100). TFM-2111 frequency management unit. Ref.#12
Dennis Starks; Collector/Historian
Midwest Military Communications Museum
email: military-radio-guy@juno.com
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ISRAELI PRC UPDATE; From Jan Bury
Notes on the Israeli PRC designation system
When I was reading a Tadiran ad in the latest "Shirion" IDF Armor Corps magazine, I realized how the Israeli PRC radios designation system works. Reportedly, some Israeli PRCs were renamed "MQ-..." (See: PRC'S FROM ISRAEL; MCGP Sept. 22&23/99). That is an abbreviation from "Mahshir Qesher" that literally means in Hebrew a "communications instrument" or a "communications device." It seems all Israeli PRC's were renamed so, and only few held their original PRC-... name. The MQ designation can be found on the labels and comprises of two Hebrew letters: Mem and Qoph.
Below is a list of known M.Q. radios from the IDF inventory:
MQ-6 = PRC-6
MQ-10 = PRC-10 (perhaps originating from France rather than from the USA)
MQ-74 = PRC-74 (also derivative models have such designation)
MQ-77 = PRC-77 \
MQ-277 = PRC-277 } However, all '277s and '377s seem to be known
MQ-377 = PRC-377 / in the IDF inventory as the M.Q.-77 or just "77"
MQ-601 = PRC-601
MQ-624 = PRC-624 (aka RT-624)
MQ-710 = PRC-710
Hope this clears many doubts about the meaning of the mysterious M.Q. designation system. Unfortunately, the same term, "Mahshir Qesher", refers to the VRCs.
Jan Bury SP5XZG
e-mail: yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl
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NOTES ON SOUTH LEBANESE COMMUNICATIONS GEAR;
By Jan Bury <yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl>
- The following article is to make an approach to a history of development of the communications equipment used by the South Lebanese Army (1978-2000).
- When the Israeli troops were to withdraw from Lebanon after Operation Litani (March, 1978), a pro-Israeli force - the South Lebanese Army (or SLA) was created in March 1978 in the so-called Security Zone, the sector within Lebanon, bordering with Israel. The idea was to establish a Maronite Christian militia as a last line of defense against the terrorist groups infiltrating Israel. The SLA was led by Maj. Sa'd Haddad, a Christian Maronite officer. Furthermore, Maj. Haddad proclaimed on 18 April 1978 a new state called Free Lebanon, where his 1500 troops were based. This state was backed up by Israel, and from this country most of thier equipment was supplied.
- While the SLA used the equipment from both the West and the then Soviet Block, mostly captured from the Arab armies, we will focus on the western equipment.
- Among weapons and other military equipment were radios. During the early period, the PRC-6 and PRC-10 tube radios were delivered, most probably in very small quantities. These saw action in check-point communications in a simple improvised "C2" system.
- At the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, more modern types were delivered, including the PRC-25/VRC-12 family. The vehicular sets were mostly mounted on M151 jeeps, Nun-Nun command cars, M113 and Half-Truck APC's. During the mid-1980s, after Israeli partial withdrawal from Lebanon, solid state PRC-77s were also delivered and served as a main communications and liaison set between SLA elements and Israeli forces. Some sources reported the SLA used also Israeli made PRC-601 portable transceivers. There is no information available if the SLA used any voice security equipment associated with the radios.
- Jane's reporters estimated the strength of the SLA for ca. 2.500 men who serve in six battalions. The Army uses about 30 T-54 and T-55 MBT's, fitted with Russian radios, and some 50 APC's and an unspecified number of artillery pieces.
- The SLA led by Maj.-Gen. Antoine Lahad withdrew by the end of May, 2000 from the Security Zone to Israel with the rest of other forces and, in fact, ceased to exist.
Sources:
1. Jane's Sentinel, 19 May 2000; http://www.janes.com.
2. Israeli press; http://www.haaretzdaily.com.
3. Lebanese and other Arab press.
4. IDF web site; http://www.idf.il.
Ed)
PRC-601; Handheld,VHF,FM transceiver. The PRC-601 is a ultra-small tactical radio intended for use by combat personnel in small platoon or squad sized units.Special models are available to meet other tactical needs (see PRC-602,PRC-601S,& PRC-602S). The radio features extreme heavy construction, built in separate loud speaker & microphone, & an external audio connection accepts any standard handset or headset.Channel installation can be easily done in the field with no special alignment equipment. Ops 47-57mc(optionally any 10mc segment of 30-80mc),with 25kc channel spacing for a possible 401 channels.Six preset xtal control channel capacity.RF power output is rated 1 watt.Requires 10-14vdc as supplied by lithium or rechargeable nicad batteries(these appear to be the same as those used in the PRC-90).Size 6 11/16"H x 3 5/16"W x 11 1/16"D, 1.9lbs,2.5lbs(with battery). Built in Israel by Tadiran, & the US by GTE.The PRC-601 interred service with the Israeli Army in 1976 as a replacement for the US PRC-6,with an original cost of approx $1000.00.Though it was also manufactured in the US, it is unknown whether any have been used by US
Dennis Starks; Collector/Historian
Midwest Military Communications Museum
email: military-radio-guy@juno.com
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NEW ISRAELI SURVIVAL RADIOS; By Jan Bury
- Recently Tadiran Spectralink, an Israeli company, introduced new survival radios that are offered for international sales. Below are short descriptions of the new systems.
AN/PRC-149 PLB
- The PRC-149 Personal Locator Beacon has been purchased by the US Navy for their low-threat survival purposes. The set is slightly updated compared with the PRC-112 and offers AM voice communications at 121.5, 243, 245, 282.8 Mcs at 200mW or at any other programmable channel in the VHF or UHF range (instead of 245 Mcs. Channel). It may transmit beacon (BPSK) signals at 121.5, 243, 245 Mcs. At 100mW, and at the new 406.025 Mcs. Satellite Distress channel (burst data with GPS position) at 5W.
- The PRC-149 measures 8x2x4.5 inches and weights 35.5 oz. Making it a bit bulky set to keep in hand. Battery life (Lithium) is expected to be 24 up to 72 hrs. depending on use. The set is marketed in the US as the PLBVT (Personal Locator Beacon Voice Transceiver), as its production and design was accomplished with help from a US company, Signal Engineering, Inc., based in San Diego, CA. The radio is housed in an aluminum cabinet and has tube-shaped battery compartment
- The antenna is a steel blade whip. Controls are on the front panel and on the left side of the radio. The PLBVT utilizes SARSAT/COSPAS Search and Rescue (SAR) satellite system to relay position information provided by GPS satellites with ID codes to rapidly locate downed aircrew or aircraft anywhere in the world within 100 meters with Selective Availability (SA) and 25 meters without SA. ID codes are programmed from an external PC computer via RS-232 port. This radio is a direct replacement of the PRC-90(V).
AN/URT-140 ELT
- The URT-140 emergency transmitter has been also acquired by the US Navy for low-threat survival purposes. It is a small 406.025 Mcs. ELT that transmits 5W bursts. The unit accepts data from an external GPS receiver and measures 2.6x4.63x1.25 inches and weights 24 oz. The blade antenna wraps around the outside of the cabinet. Battery life is expected to be up to 72 hours. The ELT will replace the aging AN/URT-33(V).
- There is also a civilian version, named ELT that also supports 121.5 and 243 Mcs. beacon in addition to the 406.025 Mcs. Satellite SAR beacon.
PRC-434
- The PRC-434 is a part of the ASARS - Airborne Search and Rescue System, which operates in the 225- to 300-MHz range, providing 3,000 channels of low-probability-of-detection emergency communications to find downed aircrews in hostile territory. Aided by the Global Positioning System P or C/A code, location of the small handheld unit can be performed by fixed- or rotary-wing avionics sets (ARS-700) to a DF accuracy Tadiran "Peacetime" Personal Beacons Locators. The ARS-700 airborne receiver/interrogator is designed to inter-operate with fielded units.
- The first radio from the ASARS family was the PRC-434A transceiver, which appeared on the early 1980s and saw extensive use with the Israel Air Force. It provided AM voice communications over programmable UHF channels, as well as at 121.5 Mcs. It was more or less a PRC-112 equivalent.
- Newer PRC-434C has an LCD display and keypad to control radios embedded GPS receiver, as well as it supported secure voice. The set could transmit text messages. Apparently, the PRC-434C has been adopted by Turkish Air Force.
- The newest 1.1-kg handheld PRC-434G radio can be automatically activated upon pilot ejection and transmit short-duration covert distress signals. The unit responds only to coded interrogations from friendly aircraft or can alternatively transmit a distress signal in clear mode on international distress bands. In the standard communications (non-covert) mode, the system provides secure AM voice, FSK narrow band data or PSK transponder communications on 3,000 operational channels with selective call acquisition. Mode switching of the transponder to beacon, navigation or data-transfer modes can be done from the remote airborne unit. The set has an LCD display and a 6-button keypad. Over-the-horizon range extension is possible using airborne relay platforms.
- All PRC-434 radios can be used to send data and are powered from BT-6434 battery. During their almost 20-year service the PRC-434's were modified for many times, especially the covert mode beacon's on-the-air time had been shortened to much less than original 0.5 sec.
Sources
1. Tadiran websites; http://www.tadiran.co.il/;
http://www.tadiran-spectralink.com
2. American Survival website;
http://www.equipped.com/sar-americas99.htm/
3. Aeromiltec website; http://www.aeromiltec.com/
4. Signal Engineering website; http://www.sigeng.com/
5. Journal of Electronics Defence; http://www.jedefence.com/
Jan Bury
mailto:yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl
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WARSAW PACT AIRCRAFT RADIOS; By Jan Bury
Contents:
Early jets tube radios
Vietnam War vintage radios
Solid state radios
HF and special purpose radios
Conclusions
The aim of this article is to show selected Warsaw Pact airband radios' development along with their use in the past.
Early jets tube radios
- The very first jets' air band radios made in USSR were developed based on the Western constructions. The Mikoyan MiG-15 fighter aircraft were fitted with RSIU-3M VHF AM transceivers, designed especially for this model. Later, according to the Warsaw Pact radio equipment designation system, this set was renamed the R-800.
- The R-800 was a tube technology radio, and was powered off 115 V AC (400 Hz 3 phase). It provided continuos tuning and required a skillful operator to use it. Usually it was set on the ground and the pilot was not supposed to change the channel because of the complicated tuning process.
- R-8xx nomenclature has been chosen for airband radios, while ground troops radios were named R-1xx, and mobile systems were named R-3xx. Most Warsaw Pact airband radios consisted of a Receiver-Transmitter unit, control head mounted in the cockpit, and a power supply unit.
- Since the Korean War vintage RSIU-3 was not a successful one, it was replaced with the RSIU-4 VHF set (R-801), which could cover the 100-150 Mcs. band, AM, with 100kc channel steps on the later MiG-17 Fresco fighter/attack plane. The same set was used on board the MiG-19 interceptor.
Vietnam War Vintage Radios
- During the Vietnam War, a supersonic air defense fighter, the MiG-21 Fishbed, has been introduced on the DRV side. The early MiG-21F and MiG-21PF fighters were equipped with simple avionics, including an R-802W VHF AM transceiver. This radio covered a VHF 100-150 Mcs. band, as used by the Warsaw Pact air forces up to the 1980s, and provided 601 channels spaced at 83.3kc. The set was capable of delivering up to 20 W RF power and was powered off 115 V AC. This radio had separate TRx unit and control head, weighting altogether ca. 28 kg. It used 20 xtal-controlled presets.
- Later, the more upgraded MiG-21MF and MiG-21bis interceptors used a dual band VHF/UHF radio named R-832M. This was the first set to cover the military airband. The set provided communications on 3,400 UHF channels in the 220-400 Mcs. band spaced 50 kcs. and either 50 or 83.3kc spacing within the VHF 118-140 Mcs. band. The radios' memory could store 10 VHF and 10 UHF presets. The RF power was ca. 15 Watts, and the radio was powered off 115 V AC. The entire set weighted ca. 27 kg. The R-832M set was also used on-board the MiG-23 Flogger attack/interceptors starting with the 1970s.
Solid State Radios,
- The previously used tube or semi-tube radios proved to be unreliable and required constant servicing. With the modern Soviet types, like the MiG-23, MiG-27 Floggers and Sukhoi Su-20 Fitter, a growing need for a reliable set has arisen. Such a unit was made in the early 1980s. and was named the R-862. This was a solid state 100-150 Mcs. VHF and 220-400 Mcs. UHF dual-band transceiver, capable of 25 kcs. channel spacing on both bands. It was controlled via a small cockpit-mounted panel, which allowed changing the operating frequencies, using one of 20 preset channels and setting the radio to monitor on the international 121.5 Mc. guard frequency. The R-862 had a 30-Watt transmitter and was powered off 27 V DC. The set was also slightly lighter, weighting ca. 22. kg. During the late 1980s, MiG-29 Fulcrum, Sukhoi Su-22 Fitter, and Su-27 Flanker aircraft were equipped with this radio.
- The modified helicopter version named the R-863 was used on board the Mil Mi-24 Hind gunships. There was also a 118-136.5 Mcs VHF AM only 8 Watts R-860 lightweight radio used on-board the Antonov An-2 Colt, An-26 transports, Mil Mi-2 and Mi-8 Hip helicopters, Yakovlev Yak-12 trainers and other liaison airplanes.
HF and Special Purpose Radios,
- Among the HF sets, the first one was the R-805 tube radio. It was operated by a dedicated aircrew member on-board transport and utility aircraft like the Ilyushin Il-14 or Mil Mi-4 helicopter. It was later replaced by the R-842 2-8 Mcs. radio, which provided ca. 1,000 communications channels and 10 presets. It was a tube radio, designed for medium and long-range communications with 10 Watt RF power. The set was powered off 27 V DC and weighted ca. 20 kg. It saw a major use with light airplanes, like the Antonov An-2 Colt and Mil Mi-2 helicopter. Since the R-842 provided very narrow HF spectrum communications, it was replaced with the R-836 HF transceiver, used on-board transport planes, like the An-26, designed for long range communications.
- The newest HF set, which was introduced in the 1980s is the M-24 Carat transceiver, used on-board Mil Hi-24 Hind gunship. There was also a dedicated nav/SAR receiver, named R-852. This radio was mounted on the SAR helicopters and aircraft and was used to locate the R-855A/UM emergency transmitters. The R-855A was a civil use radio, and was painted red. The R-855UM was a standard Warsaw Pact aircrew survival radio, which could send ELT signal or provide AM voice communications within the VHF air band. There were different versions, painted yellow or blue, crystallized with 121.5, 121.25, 123.1, 122.5, 124.0, and 130.0 Mcs. channels depending on their use. The set was powered off a separate Priboy battery. Most probably, the set was designed after deep analysis of the captured Western-made SAR radios, including the PRC-63, ACR RT-10 and others.
- Since the army aviation usually operated with the ground troops, the R-828 'Evkalypt' (Eucalyptus) VHF FM radio was introduced and mounted on-board the Mi-8 Hip and Mi-24 Hind helicopters.
Conclusions,
- Warsaw Pact radios were usually obsolete when introduced. The last tube radios were retired in the 1980s. The design was based on the western constructions, however, due to slow development and production process, the sets were one or two generations older than their NATO counterparts.
- While most US-made radios of the 1960s vintage required just only seconds to change the operating frequency, the Soviet-made equipment had to be tuned up for up to 15 seconds. Not a good idea during an aerial combat. When the NATO started using the 25 kcs. channel spacing, the Warsaw Pact still used the 83.3 kcs. spacing. Have Quick radios, like the ARC-164, that appeared in the 1980s made the Soviet block equipment much outdated. Furthermore, they were not jamming resistant and did not provide secure voice communications.
Jan Bury
mailto:yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl
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THE R-855UM, WARSAW PACT SURVIVAL RADIO; by Jan Bury
- The R-855UM radio was introduced in the Soviet Air Force and many Warsaw Pact air forces in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Soviet experts examined the captured US-made examples of survival radios and designed their own, all-solid state model. The R-855UM operated on a single xtal controlled channel in the VHF airband spectrum, usually 121.5 MHz, however there were other crystals available. It could provide AM voice communications and MCW distress signal. Transmitter power was to be no less than 0.13 Watt, the receiver comprised a super heterodyne circuitry. During voice communications, the set should provide up to 60 hrs work (1:3 tx/rx ratio), while in the beacon mode, the battery lasted for 24 hours.
- The R-855UM set comprised of two units: the TRx and the battery connected with a cable. The transmitter (nomenclature JaJe 5.000.065) weighted 0.4 kg and measured 130x68x30 mm. It was equipped with the Tx and Rx buttons, mode switch, microphone, speaker and connectors for battery and antenna. The Hg-Zn battery named Priboy-2S weighted 0.5 kg and measured 136x80x25 mm and was to be held in a survival vest or flight suit's pocket. The set could also be worn inside a pouch with a strap around the operator's neck.
- There were two antenna types for this radio available: a whip, which provided up to 56 km communications range with a SAR aircraft flying at 3000 meters, or a Komar-2M antenna (Kulikov type) with an inflatable bladder to allow floating, which allowed up to 64 km communications range. The Komar-2M antenna could break under some circumstances and the rings could be lost. Its sharp end could also damage the airman's life raft when person was trying to get inside, as it happened to a Polish AF pilot when he ejected over Baltic Sea in the 1980s. Therefore, the whip antenna was preferred.
- The R-855UM set could be used for ground to air SAR communications and LOS ground communications with up to 1-km range between the two sets.
- During a SAR mode, it could be used for voice communications using its internal microphone and speaker or using the aircrew headsets' or helmets' audio accessories. The flight helmet's plug was connected to an auxiliary socket on the cable linking the Priboy battery with the transceiver unit. The following helmets could be used with the appropriate cable: GSh-6A, GPSh-3, ZSh-3M and GSh-8A.
- During the 1990s many R-855UM's remained in service with the Russian and the former Soviet Block air forces. Since the set is much outdated, obsolete and not suitable for CSAR communications, new radios will soon replace it.
--
Jan Bury
mailto:yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl
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NEW GENERATION COMBAT RADIOS; by Jan Bury
- Recently, due to speedy advance in military technology, new multi-purpose radios have been made. These are multibanders, intended for use by various services and allow broadband communications in many modes and protocols. Many of them can cover the entire 30-512 MHz range, others with some gaps. Since they are lightweight, programmable units, it seems they will replace many existing radios, at least in the higher echelon or in irregular forces, where different purpose radios were used.
- As you can see, a radio covering 30-512 MHz band is very useful, and will eliminate the simultaneous use of multiple, usually expensive sets(in the tradition of the PRC-70). This frequency spread covers the military VHF low, civil and military airband, marine band, PMR, SATCOM, and multinational civil & governmental VHF & UHF business bands. Since different modes and protocols are used on these bands, it is important that a new multiband radio supported them, especially the SINCGARS-V, Have Quick I and II, SATURN, and various Comsec modes.
- Virtually, with any of the below listed radios, the user eliminates the use of previous, usually heavy sets that were needed in a multi-mission communications, to include a PRC-119 SINCGARS set, PRC-113 VHF/UHF airband set, LST-5C SATCOM radio, KY-57 Comsec and a Sunburst processor.
Below is a list of available products, found on the Internet.
M3TR Family,
- Rohde and Schwartz, a German company started making a new interesting radio, the MR3000U, that covers the 25-512 MHz range. Apparently, the set got a commercial designation of PRC-525. This radio has an open architecture and ca. 25 MB flash memory to program various modes of operation, like SINCGARS, PR4G, Have Quick, SATURN, SECOS, and various Comsec modes. The set has a 10-Watt transmitter and its memory can store 99 presets.
AN/PSC-5(V) Shadowfire,
- This is a new issue or retrofit Raytheon's option for the current AN/PSC-5 Spitfire terminals' users. The radio works in the 30-512 MHz range and supports various modes of operation, to include SINCGARS, Have Quick I and II, SATCOM DAMA, and Fascinator Comsec. The set has 102 presets' memory and is fully PC programmable. The set seems to be ideal for multi-band/multi-mission, anti-jam, voice/imagery/data communications.
AN/PRC-148(V) MBITR,
- The Multiband Inter/Intra Team Radio (MBITR) is a Racal portable that covers the 30-512 MHz range in AM, FM and data modes. Although the set is very small, the transmitter has up to 5 Watts RF power. The set supports SINCGARS and Have Quick I/II operation and has an embedded Vinson Comsec. The set has also an embedded AM SAR swept frequency beacon and a GPS interface. It is manufactured in a submersible version, as well. Apparently, Hughes makes a similar radio, named the PRC-143.
AN/PRC-117D(V) and AN/PRC-117D(E),
- Harris is a well-known manufacturer of advanced military radio communications gear. Their recent manpack works in the 30-90, 116-174, and 225-420 MHz bands, AM, FM, data, and supports SINCGARS and KY-57 Comsec. The transmitter has up to 10 Watts RF power.
AN/PRC-117E,
- This is the newest multi-band transceiver from Harris, that works in the full 30-512 MHz range and supports many waveforms, like the SINCGARS mode, Have Quick, SATCOM DAMA, KY-57 Vinson, Fascinator, and LPC-10 Comsec.
URC-200 and URC-500,
- These two manpack transceivers come from Motorola. Each of them is capable of 115-174 and 225-400 MHz operation, and a 30-90 MHz band upgrade is also available. The URC-500 also supports various commercial Comsec, like DES, DES-XL, DVI and DVP.
PRC-140 SATURN,
- This new radio form Motorola was designed as a direct replacement of the AN/PRC-113 manpack. This set also supports VHF/UHF communications in various ECCM modes, like the Have Quick I/II and SATURN and has many Comsec options.
PRC-4300,
- This is an ASELSAN product that comes in the VHF/UHF airband as standard, with an optional 30-88 MHz band. The set, housed in the similar cabinet like the PSC-5 terminal, supports many Comsec and ECCM modes of operation.
Jan Bury
mailto:yahya@orient.uw.edu.pl
Each of these websites contains a downloadable database of the products in an Acrobat Reader (pdf) form.
Sources:
1. Harris website: http://www.harris.com
2. Motorola website: http://www.motorola.com
3. Racal website: http://www.racalcomm.com
4. Aselsan website: http://www.aselsan.com.tr
5. Rohde and Schwartz website: http://www.rsd.com
6. Raytheon website: http://www.raytheon.com
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THE 3501, POLISH SQUAD RADIO; by Jan Bury
This article describes a Polish squad radio that was introduced in the 1990s, the 3501 transceiver.
- Since the Polish Army used in the early 1990s obsolete ex-Soviet made radios, a growing need for a lightweight, portable transceiver that covers the entire military VHF low band has arisen. Such a radio was made by a noted Polish manufacturer of radio communications equipment, Radmor S.A. The set is intended for company/platoon level communications in the FM 30-87.975 MHz band on any of the 2320 channels. It measures 90x43x173 cm (210 cm with battery) and weights 0.62 kg (0.9 kg with battery). It offers up to 3 Watts RF power on 10 fixed channels presets, however it's more common to see the sets with a 1 Watt RF power setup, while 0.1 W setting can also be programmed for LPI purposes. The radio supports also data transmissions up to 16 kbps and is operable with the PR4G system in non-frequency hopping modes. The radio meets the MIL STD 810E standards.
- The radio's body is made of aluminum, and is submersible up to 2 meters for 2 hours. There are two compartments inside: one for radio's main circuitry (SMD technology), the second for an LCD display, microcontroller, and PLL synthesizer. It is believed that the MTBF is ca. 16,000 hours, while the MTTR is ca 1 hour. There are two knobs on the top of the radio: one is the channels' preset, the second is an off/mode/volume control. The selective call button is over the PTT. An LCD display is located on the front panel. It shows the RF frequency, transmission/reception mode, power level, squelch level or faults. The radio incorporates also an audio socket for fill or audio and crypto accessories or data equipment. The radio is powered off 7.2 V DC from a 3571 Ni-Cd battery.
- Among the accessories, there are two antenna types: 1-m long steel tape type 3581/2 or 45 cm short steel tape type 3581/3. The radio can be carried in a 06614 pouch, and a 01315 headset can be used in more noisy environments. Data/imagery terminals are used in the Topaz command system.
- The 3501 set is also manufactured under license from Radmor by a Czech company named Dicom with an RF1301 nomenclature and by Rohde and Schwartz of Germany as an H3501. The original set can be compared with the US PRC-68/-126 and with an Israeli PRC-624 portable tactical radio.
Sources:
1. Technical manual for the 3501 radio.
2. Radmor's Website: http://www.radmor.com.pl and advertising brochures.
3. "Radiostacja 3501", article in "RAPORT o Lacznosci" Magazine, 04/2000, p. 9-10.
4. Army Technology Website: http://www.army-technology.com.
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The preceding was a product of the"Military Collector Group Post", an international email magazine dedicated to the preservation of history and the equipment that made it. Unlimited circulation of this material is authorized so long as the proper credits to the original authors, and publisher or this group are included. For more information concerning this group, the use of our material, or membership contact Dennis Starks at:
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